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Initially, it is desirable to define the word "introduced" in terms of time. Most of the species which concern us are ones which have received assistance from man, but we must allow the possibility of recent introductions unaided in this manner.

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The probable and actual results of the interaction of native and adventive plant species in New Zealand have been and still are topics of considerable interest and discussion, and over the last one hundred and twenty years such eminent authorities as J. D. Hooker, W. T. L. Travers, Chas. Darwin, A. W. Wallace, T. Kirk, T. F. Cheeseman, G. M. Thomson, L. Cockayne, H. H. Allan and C. M. Smith have all contributed papers on different aspects of the subject.

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Species lists have been collected for forested and related scrubland areas throughout Canterbury. The total number of species involved is about 350. The patterns of distributions reflect the influence of one or a combination of several of the following factors:

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Most of the published data concerning the Hauraki Gulf are confined to surface temperatures (Cassie, 1956; Dellow, 1955; Marine Department, 1938; Skerman, 1958).

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