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The Canterbury Plains are composed of greywacke alluvial fans, of Last Glaciation and Post-glacial age, deposited by the rivers that drain the Southern Alps. Changes of climate that affected the mountain catchments are reflected in river behaviour on the plains (sedimentation, downcutting). The sedimentation patterns are one line of evidence for climatic history used here.

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In New Zealand hydrological data are classified in five broad categories: water resources, channel stability, floods, catchment condition, and suspended sediment or erosion measurements. A description of how the collection of data has been planned has been given elsewhere (Campbell 1960). The classification will assist the collection of evidence relating to climate change since confirmatory or contradictory evidence may be shown up by study of the different kinds of data.

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The ecological changes that result from coastal changes brought about by sea-level fluctuations will not be discussed. Some of these are reasonably self evident, for example the severance of once continuous land into islands during rising sea level. On the other hand, the part played by sea-level change in the production of coastal dunes is not so clear. Such changes together with alterations in coastal currents may be ecologically important but they affect only small coastal areas.

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Each year a cloudburst somewhere in New Zealand makes the headlines. This report describes the ecological effects of a recent cloudburst in the South Island high country and gives evidence of similar cloudbursts in the past.

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In Table 1 I have attempted to classify the New Zealand alpine and subalpine genera according to their probable country or region of origin. The scheme is tentative, but it is hoped that it comes sufficiently near to the truth to provide an overall picture of the sources of the New Zealand alpine flora.

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The deterioration of the plant cover of the city water catchment in the upper Tiritea Valley is causing some concern to the Palmerston North City Council. Many areas formerly in forest have been reduced to scrub, tussock and turf. Although most of the catchment has a "burnt-over" appearance there is no definite record of fires. The vegetation of the Tararuas has been described by Zotov (1938) and Zotov et al. (1938), but only passing reference has been made to the portion between the Mangahao River and the Manawatu Gorge.

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An Introduction to Freshwater Life in New Zealand. B. J. Marples. Pp. 160; 25 text-figures. Whitcombe & Tombs Ltd. Price 20/-

[Chairman's address]
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