GPS wildlife tracking, home range ecology, introduced deer, kernel density estimator, minimum convex polygon, seasonal home range overlap, seasonal migration, utilisation distribution

Sika deer (Cervus nippon) were introduced into the central North Island, New Zealand, in the early 1900s. They rapidly established, increased in numbers, and extended their geographic range, eventually displacing sympatric red deer (Cervus elaphus). Sika deer are an important game species, but they can also severely damage native forest, especially where they occur at high densities. Here, we provide the first comprehensive assessment of annual and seasonal home range and movement ecology of adult male and adult female sika deer in New Zealand.